The Reserve extends over a vast area that, from the watershed of the Alpe della Luna, degrades both towards the Valtiberina and towards the Marche. The total area is 1540 hectares, while its altitude ranges from about 520 to 1453 meters. It is essentially a vast wooded area (86% of the surface is occupied by woods), with significant presence, however, of non-forest environments. At higher altitudes the beech forest predominates, while lower down are Turkey oaks, black hornbeams, etc. The singularity of the Alpe della Luna is in the high isolation that has allowed to keep this area in a state still almost wild; there are no major roads, but only forest roads and paths for hiking, and there are no significant settlements within it.